Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication Essay - 9

Dangerous Material Management and Hazard Communication - Essay Example So as to add another synthetic to HazCom program compound stock, one needs to follow a very much plot rule. Since it is done on the web, the business needs to get to the site at that point sign in. in the wake of entering the name of the new substance into the site, he ought to continue to look for CAD at that point click on ‘Add chemical’ then create for it a CAS number on the off chance that it doesn't have one as of now. From there on, transfer all the data with respect to the new chemical’s administrative data, NFPA appraisals and physical properties. At long last, spare and present the subtleties and sit tight for a survey (Aldrich, 2009). HazCom program compound stock is put away online in light of the fact that having a PC information base is acceptable. It is proficient and can be effectively up dated and recovered for use. Accordingly, all businesses who have harzadious synthetic concoctions ought to guarantee that their data is caught in the HazCom program substance stock. It is suggested for ideal security of the representatives working

Albania Essay -- essays research papers

Albania: The Development of a Developing Country Albania, a little nation situated in Southeastern Europe, is a country that doesn't have a genuine personality †its kin are Muslim and Christian, it is a nation that is both and poor, it is as much urban as it is rustic, and has developed from government to communism and now to juvenile popular government. At the end of the day, Albania and its kin have seen everything. The boundaries of Albanian culture are clear, and hidden strains are apparent. However, Albania isn't â€Å"another Yugoslavia† †there is no uncertainty that the inner condition of Albania has been and fairly keeps on being tense, in spite of the fact that the limit has never been completely reached. Albania is a nation with an intensely tense past (particularly during the Cold War period), yet numerous individuals don't think about it, and few would have the option to discover the nation on the guide. In spite of its wonderful during, its ample regular assets, and its unprecedented custom of accommod ation, Albania has consistently been â€Å"the most confined nation in Europe and from World War II until as of late, one of the most disengaged nations on earth† (â€Å"Real Adventures †Albania† 1). Among the blasting economies of Europe, Albania is especially poor, and is attempting to make the troublesome change to an increasingly present day open-showcase economy. Likewise, the administration is finding a way to empower financial development just as exchange. Albania, as per 2003 assessments, â€Å"has a GDP of $16.13 billion, with a for each capita GDP of $4,500† (â€Å"Albania †CIA Factbook† 2) This is an improvement over the Cold War time, in which Albania’s economy was a finished debacle †still, be that as it may, Albania’s economy is impressively powerless contrasted with its European neighbors. The economy is helped by â€Å"remittances from individuals abroad of $400-$600 million every year, for the most part from Greece and Italy, and this cash helps bring down the sizable exchange deficit† (â€Å"Real Adventures †Albania† 1). Agribusiness, which represents half of Albania’s GDP, is regularly smothered du e to repeating dry season and the weight of modernizing their hardware and attempting to utilize meager land. What additionally entangles financial issues is that there have been serious vitality deficiencies, and antiquated and profoundly lacking framework makes it hard to pull in enormous scope outside venture, which represents 18.7 % of Albania’s GDP (as per 2003 evaluations... ...r† (Clunies 133). Vagrancy and craving are higher now than under the Communists Communications. In the interim, dissents in Albania kept, prompting the expulsion of a few firm stance Communists from the legislature and gathering Politburo.      Despite its disconnection for quite a long time and its decision by a severe system that denied them their most basic rights, the Albanians have experienced huge social, social, and monetary changes; they are no longer â€Å"a to a great extent uneducated worker training, described by a group attitude, as frequently depicted by the Western media† (Clunies 149). Most of the Albanians clearly perceive that national compromise, a significant part of the program of the Democratic Party, is the most ideal route for the fruitful restoration of their destitution stricken nation. Albania is invested with significant mineral assets and has a youthful, powerful populace, anxious to join the remainder of the world. Presently as it enters the post tyranny stage, it urgently needs the help and kinship of the outside world. Without that help, Albania’s juvenile majority rules system might be destined for disappointment before it even starts to develop.

The Death of the 9-to-5 Why Well All Work Flex Schedules Soon

The Death of the 9-to-5 Why Well All Work Flex Schedules Soon For the last two years, my friend Mike has worked as a content writer for a digital advertising agency. There is something about Mike’s job that I admire. Despite being employed full time, Mike’s job is not your ordinary job. Since Mike can do and submit his work from anywhere, there is no need for him to go to the office.Mike works from his home office. He sets his own schedule, which allows him to work whenever he needs and take a break when he wants. Instead of tracking his time, the agency assigns Mike projects to work on and deadlines for the submission of these projects.Provided the projects are delivered on time, the agency doesn’t care when or where he works from. The agency holds a team meeting every Wednesday, which is the only day Mike is expected to show up at the office.Mike’s job sounds like the dream job everyone would wish to have. However, this kind of working schedule is becoming more of a reality than a dream. The proliferation of technology in the workplac e and the increasing number of millennials in the workforce have laid the groundwork for the shift from the traditional 9to5 working schedule to a more fluid and flexible working schedule that allows employees to choose their own working hours.As more and more millennials join the workforce, the 9to5 will continue losing its position as the dominant working model. Some HR experts have even predicted that the 9to5 model might become completely obsolete by 2030, when millennials will make up the largest portion of the workforce.The traditional 9to5 workday is already on its deathbed. A research carried out by CareerBuilder found that 73% of workers in Washington DC believe that the 9to5 model has no place in the future. This view is not restricted to workers in DC.The same research found out that the same view is held by 68% of workers in Los Angeles and Boston and 66% of workers in New York. Overall, 61% of workers believe that the traditional 9to5 workday is outdated.Another study b y Bentley University found that 77% of millennials believe that people their age will be more productive at workplaces that support flexible hours. According to this research by the Griffith Insurance Education Foundation, millennials are even willing to sacrifice some pay in order to get flexible working schedules.WHY THE TRADITIONAL 9 TO 5 MODEL IS DYING The 9to5 model came as a solution to the oppressive working environments of the 19th century. Following the industrial revolution, there were no laws to regulate the number of hours employers required of their employees. Hellish 16hour work days were pretty commonplace. Noticing the unsustainability of this system, a Welsh social reformer by the name Robert Owen started campaigning for the 8 hour work day.Owen proposed that the 24 hours in a day should be divided equally between working, resting and recreation. The 8 hour 5 day work week was popularized by Henry Ford, who was among the first people to implement the 8 hour model in his company in 1914. The 8 hour work week was a success for Henry Ford, thereby prompting other companies to follow suit. In 1938, the government caught up and passed the Fair Labor Standards Act, which made the 40 hour work week standard and required workers to be paid overtime if they exceeded 40 hours at work every week.The success of the 8 hour workday seemed to be the start of a trend that would see continued reduction in working hours. Economist John Maynard Keynes even predicted that people would be working 15 hours a week by the turn of the 21st century, thanks to technological advancement. While the technology has greatly advanced since the days of John Maynard Keynes, his predictions of reduced working hours did not come true. The 40 hour work week has remained standard. But is this model the best one for today’s workplace?If employee behavior and attitudes are anything to go by, the 9to5 model is not very effective. Most employees hate it, which is ironic considering t hat this model was introduced to protect employees from exploitation. If you listen around the office or look at social media, you will find enough evidence that no one likes the 9to5.Monday blues is a thing. Employees are always looking forward to the weekend.Every worker knows the meaning of and identifies with TGIF. Clearly, the 9to5 model is not doing its job. More specifically, below are some reasons why the 9to5 model is on its deathbed:TechnologyTechnology is one of the major factors dealing death blows to the 9to5 workday. Technology is changing the game in two ways. First, advances in technology have allowed workers to work from anywhere, at any time. In the days of Owen, Ford and Keynes when the 9to5 model was introduced, most workers performed manual labor, which meant physical presence was necessary for them to do their job.Today, technology has changed this. With a laptop, a tablet or a smartphone and an internet connection, workers can access their mail and do work rel ated tasks from anywhere. According to a survey by Pew Research Center, roughly 77% of Americans owned a smartphone, while nearly three quarters of adults in the US owned a desktop or laptop computer at home by the end of 2017. 80% of adults in the US also have access to broadband at home.Such a high penetration of informational devices and broadband internet means that most workers can still be productive without having to be in the office every time. In fact, a poll by Gallup found that 43% of workers have spent some time working outside the office.Second, technology has also extended working hours beyond the office. Mobile devices like smartphones and tablets have blurred the lines between working hours and personal time. A survey found that four in five UK office workers check their work emails beyond office hours, with a third doing this even before they leave bed in the morning.Another white paper noted that professionals who use smartphones for work may end up interacting wit h work for up to 13.5 hours each day, or 72 hours a week (including weekends). In such an environment where people have access to work beyond office hours, quantifying the number of hours a person has worked can be a challenge, which makes it archaic to stipulate a number of “fixed hours” when people are supposed be working in the office.Demand For A Work-Life BalanceIn the past, it was normal for people to give up all of their personal life to focus on work, with the hope that they would make enough to allow them enjoy life after retirement.This is an outdated model, at least for millennials, who are set to make up majority of the workforce in less than ten years. Millennials care about their work-life balance.They want jobs that allow them to spend time with their loved ones and pursue other interests outside work. For them, the traditional 9to5 just doesn’t cut it. Instead of planning their lives around their work, they want jobs that will allow them to plan their work arou nd their lives. They don’t care about answering emails and working on a work project at home on Saturday if it means they will have more time to spend with their kids over the course of the week.Flexibility and a good work-life balance are so important that this Deloitte survey found that millennials care more about flexibility than pay, while this report by the US Chamber of Commerce found that 75% of millennials claim that a good work-life balance is the key consideration before taking up a new job.Rise Of The Gig EconomyA few decades ago, the only way to earn an income was to get employed or start a business. The rise of the internet has brought about a new model where people can earn an income as freelancers and contractors, creating what has come to be known as the gig economy.Today, working for yourself is a lot of easier and less risky. There are several freelancing websites that allow professionals to find clients looking for their specific talents. Freelancing has one key advantage that has made it an attractive model.Freelancers have total control over their jobs. They have the freedom to choose when to work, where to work from and the projects they want to work on.At a time when people can earn more and at the same time enjoy flexible schedules working for themselves, businesses have realized that offering flexibility is a key strategy to attracting talent.The Disappearing Corporate OfficeWe have already seen that technology advancement has made it possible for workers to remain productive without having to be physically present in the office. With globalization, companies are serving customers from all over the world and employing workers from all over the world. Meetings are taking place in virtual boardrooms, across time and geographical zones.All this is diminishing the importance of having a physical office. Why have an office when all your employees are from different countries and will never set foot in the office? And if businesses no long er need a physical office, is it really logical to have concrete office hours?Financial IncentivesDoing away with the 9to5 also has several financial incentives. Working from home translates into financial savings for employees. They spend less on commuting, professional attire and dry cleaning, lunch, and so on.According to mint.com, working from home can result in savings of up to $10,000 per year. The financial incentives of flexible schedules are not restricted to employees alone.With flexible schedules, employees can share some office equipment like desks and computers, which means less money spent on equipment and office space. For instance, a global accounting firm was able to save over $1 million annually by allowing its employees to occasionally work from home. Allowing employees to telecommute also saves businesses the costs of relocating employees.Finally, a flexible schedule makes employees more productive, which is good for the company’s bottom line. A research by Sta nford professor Nicholas Bloom found that telecommuting saves companies an average of $1,900 per employee. Without the need to physically commute to work and the distractions of the office environment, employees who work from home complete more calls and increase their productivity by 13%.Education NeedsMillennials expect more than a salary from their employers. They also expect to invest in their training and development. A research by The Hartford found that 50% of millennials want their employers to provide training and development.This means attending classes, workshops and seminars. Attending some of these classes, workshops and seminars might be impossible if the employee is required to be at the office from 9to5, creating the need for flexible schedules that allow employees to continue with their training and development without interfering with their performance at work.Culture And CompetitionGlobalization has turned the world a global village where businesses in one end of the world serve customers in another end of the world, with huge time differences between the business and its customers.The internet, on the other hand, has taught customers to expect services on-demand.This means that customers from another part of the world can reach out to your business after office hours, and they expect the business to get back to them immediately.Expecting customers to wait till the next day is akin to driving them to competitors. This has forced businesses to rethink the whole 9to5 philosophy in favor of more fluid schedules where the business is available to customers even outside conventional office hours.The Changing Nature Of WorkRemember, the 9 to 5 was introduced at a time when much of the work done by employees was manual. If 20 employees assembled one car on average in 8 hours, Ford knew that if the 20 employees clocked 20 hours each day, there would be a complete car at the end of each day. Today, the nature of work has changed greatly.Work has beco me more of a cognitive activity than a manual activity, which means that tracking productivity has become a lot more challenging. An employee can spend 8 hours at the office and achieve very little. Today, keeping track of time spent at the office is a very poor measure of productivity.The fact that most work requires cognitive skills also means that people need to be alert and focused when working. Unfortunately, the 9 to 5 model does not take stock of the fact that different people are most alert at different times of the day. Whereas some people are morning larks who are more productive in the morning, others are night owls who are most productive at night.Bundling them all within the same working hours means you are going to be getting less-than-optimal productivity from some of your workers. Shifting to a more flexible schedule would allow employees to work when they are most alert and focused, which would lead to an increase in productivity.HOW TO MAKE FLEX SCHEDULES WORK FOR YOUR ORGANIZATIONFrom the points discussed above, it is clear that the death of the 9 to 5 is a matter of when, not if. Flex schedules are the future. With the percentage of millennials â€" who value flexibility even more than pay â€" in the workforce increasing rapidly, flex schedules will move from being a feel-good trend to a necessity that has a significant effect on an organization’s bottom line.A report by Gallup shows that 43% of Americans have spent at least some time working from home, while another survey anticipates that 50% of workers will be spending some time working remotely by 2020. 76% of US workers also said they prefer doing important tasks outside the office. These numbers are definitely going to increase in the near future, which means that organizations should incorporating flex schedules. Question is, how do organizations ensure that flex schedules work for them?Below are some tips on how to make flex schedules work:Develop some rules and common practices: F lex rules does not mean that rules should be thrown out of the window. Creating some rules and common practices will make things run smoothly. For instance, organizations can implement core hours, where employees are expected to be in the office at certain times, say from 11 AM to 3 PM. Employees can arrive earlier than 9 AM or leave after 5 PM, provided that they clock their 8 hours and that they are in the office between 11 AM and 3 PM. If employees are allowed to work from home, you can also set rules to guide how this happens. For instance, each employee might be allowed to work from home two times a week. Alternatively, you can have employees work entirely from home but schedule one day each week where every employee is supposed to come to the office. Having times when everyone is in the office is important since it allows employees to collaborate on projects that need the inputs of different teams.Get everyone involved in the change process: Like any other change in an organiz ation, developing and implementing a flex schedule is more likely to succeed if employees are involved in the process, instead of having it imposed on them. Involving employees in the process makes them invested in the change and ensures that their needs are considered. Imposing something on employees without consulting them can end up robbing them of the flexibility you were trying to provide in the first place.Determine metrics to measure productivity: Allowing employees to work remotely means that they will be working without supervision. Some lazy employees might decide to spend the day watching movies on Netflix instead of actually working. To avoid this, you need to determine the metrics that will show you that work is actually being done. Set specific and action oriented goals for employees and give them deadlines. You can then look at these metrics at the end of each work period (say at the end of each week) to determine whether an employee is actually performing his or her duties.Agree on frequency and preferred modes of communication: Before you start offering flex schedules, determine how you will be getting in contact with employees, the required frequency of communication and the preferred mode of communication. For instance, some employers might expect telecommuting employees to submit a report at the beginning of the week detailing what the employee did over the previous week. Others might require employees to come to the office for a face to face meeting, while others might be satisfied with a phone call. Being clear on the frequency and preferred mode of communication will prevent frictions once employees start utilizing their flex schedules.Use technology to ensure connectivity: Before you implement a flex schedule, you also need to ensure that all the technology required for remote working are in place. Ensure that employees have laptops, smartphones and internet access, and ensure that business systems are configured for remote access. You don’t want an employee claiming that they cannot access the system when they urgently need to do something on the system.WRAPPING UPFrom the industrial revolution to date, the 9 to 5 workday has been the dominant model for managing employees.However, the changes in the nature of today’s work have posed threat to the validity of this model. The shift from the 9 to 5 model to more flexible schedules has already began, and with more millennials set to enter the workforce, it is inevitable that the 9 to 5 model won’t make it to the next century.It is already clear that the rigid hours of the 9 to 5 model have a lot of limitations and do not work for everyone. Unless your organization is providing a service that requires employees to be physically present at the office between these hours, it might be a wise decision to start thinking of implementing flex schedules.

Girl Gang And Young Women s Membership Within Groups...

The term ‘Girl Gang’ refers to girls and young women’s membership in groups associated with violence and criminal activities (Southgate 2011).Within the book ‘Social Problems in the UK’, girl’s gang is a sub-topic under the chapter ‘Youth Gangs’.It is not a chapter on its own because much focus and discussion has being placed on male gangs. As such, the author Young (2015), analyses the level of female crimes and involvement in street-based gangs. She questions the extent of girl gang and seek toanswer the question where does society’s (re)discovery of girl’s gang originates from. This is because modern attitude towards female crimes are dissimilar from those in the 1960’s. As such, the content of the chapter fully investigates the nature of girl gang and how they are constructed as a social problem. Thisdeepens our understanding of the historical and contemporary discourses surrounding girl’s subculture and social grouping. Thus, Young’s (2015) analysis challenges the discourse of common sense approach in understanding girl gang and provoke a great rethinking and evaluation of girl gang that is amiss in our society today. In order for us to understand the nature and extent of girl’s gang, we must first consider where our notions and rising interest of girl gangs comes from. This is because, before the 1960’s, majority of mainstream gang research associated youth gangs with the male experiences, failing to throw some light on female gang experiences. This was as a result ofShow MoreRelatedGirls and Gangs1608 Words   |  7 PagesGirls and Gangs For much of history, gang members who are female have generally been left out of the equation. When both the layman and the researcher looked at gang life, gang members, and how they function, rarely have women and their role in gang culture been considered. However, women have long played important roles in gang life, culture, and membership, and the importance of such cannot be ignored. When women in gangs are studied, patterns emerge, the paths that often lead to gang lifeRead MoreWhat Are the Major Issues That Cause Inner City Youth to Join Gangs and Become Delinquent? Discuss Whether the New Labour Government’s Policies Have Been Effective in Solving These Issues?8138 Words   |  33 Pagesto join gangs and become delinquent? Discuss whether the New Labour Government’s policies have been effective in solving these issues? 2010 Project by: Alice Mutumba Student No: 05038460 CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Summary The perception that gang culture in relation to youth crime is growing in the UK is intensified by the media, it is very rare to read a daily paper these days without coming across some mention of gang related crime. 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The Curious Incident Of The Dog - 1297 Words

To write a good mystery novel takes time and only a few authors have been successful in writing them. Mystery novels has been around for a period of time with historical authors such as Arthur Conan Doyle and recent author Stephen King. In these novels, clues are provided by the author and Christopher Boone, narrator of the novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time, states, â€Å"If it is a good puzzle you can sometimes work out the answer before the end of the book† (5). In relation to this, the most valuable information is typically gained throughout the process of the investigation rather than the solution itself. Although the book The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time is not classified as a detective story, the plot still goes through an investigation and shares elements of a mystery novel. The mystery within the story that keeps the novel going is to find the killer of Mrs. Shears’ poodle, Wellington, and in turn, shapes the ending where t he audience sees the development of the protagonist, Christopher, through the investigation itself, the journey to London and his overall ability as a writer. The novel begins with Christopher stumbling upon the dead dog, Wellington, and gets accused as the killer. If this occurrence did not happen, then Christopher would not have wanted to find the real killer since death is never a drawback for him. In fact, Christopher views death as an inevitable event, so whoever killed Wellington does not pertain to himShow MoreRelatedThe Curious Incident Of The Dog807 Words   |  4 PagesNinth Grade High School Summer Reading Assignment The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon 1.) How do we form and shape our identities? 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As the play progresses we soon find out that this is the least of his worries. This story is one of the first written from the perspective of a personRead MoreA Curious Incident Of The Dog1456 Words   |  6 PagesMark Haddon’s A Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, a mystery/bildungsroman novel, and Sophie Laguna’s The Eye of the Sheep, a family drama/bildungsroman novel, explore the way certain factors can affect an individual’s growth within a familial environment through similar themes exhibited in both novels. Haddon and Laguna show their main characters Christopher and Jimmy growing up within a dysfunctional family in 20th century Swindon and Melbourne, where each main character in their respectiveRead MoreCurious Incident of the Dog965 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book the curious incident of the dog at night-time written by Mark Haddon, an important idea is the difficulty of diversity in society. Haddon communicated the idea through the book using the language features narrative point of view, Dialogue, and symbolism. Narrative point of view was used to show us Christopher’s perspective on how he views the world and society, and to get inside Christopher’s head to explain the fact he reacts a certain way, or believes in a certain philosophy like howRead MoreThe Curious Incident Of The Dog1282 Words   |  6 Pages Draft Haddon Paper. In Haddon’s novel, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, the objectivity of truth is placed into question. Throughout the book, Haddon is able to assimilate to his readers the thoughts and experiences of a boy with autism. The way in which Christopher views the world, is drastically distinctive from the majority of other persons. He is unable to distinguish a vast array of emotions and has difficulty emphasizing with and understanding others. Christopher is onlyRead MoreThe Curious Incident Of The Dog1062 Words   |  5 PagesThe Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime is an inspiring novel about finding yourself--even when you’re just a bit different. The novel follows fifteen-year old Christopher Boone, a self-proclaimed detective, in search of answers regarding the murder of his neighbor’s dog. Along the way, he ends up finding answers to some of the issues in his life as well. Though Christopher has Asperger s Syndrome (which may slow him d own at times), he’s proof of accomplishing your goals even the mainstreamRead MoreThe Curious Incident Of The Dog1089 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish Assignment: A Change of Perspective The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time †¢ Chosen Event: Discovering Wellington’s Dead Body (Page 3-8) †¢ From the Perspective of: Mrs. Shears A Personal Recount from the Perspective of Mrs. Shears Based On Pages 3-8... â€Å"It was 7 minutes after midnight.† I only knew this because the telly was broadcasting an urgent message about Prince Harry, and it had the exact time on the screen. Fucking remote won’t work now that Ed broke it. He is such a damnedRead MoreThe Curious Incident Of The Dog1478 Words   |  6 Pagesthat is so much more? What if the book not only included murder mystery but also just a complex story about a young boy’s development? The book The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon is an example of this. The book is about a young boy named Christopher Bonne. After Christopher found out about the death of his neighbor’s dog, Christopher aroused many suspicions and decided to find out who killed Wellington. Throughout this story, Christopher encounters many people on his

Wal-Mart Market Analysis Free Essays

Wal-Mart Market Analysis Wal-Mart is the second largest company in the world. Its focus is on mass merchandising as opposed to specialty merchandising. The idea behind mass merchandising is to offer products and services in one convenient store to better manage a consumer’s time. We will write a custom essay sample on Wal-Mart Market Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now An example of how Wal-Mart mass merchandisers is by offering a multitude of products and services within one convenient store. They sell sporting goods, electronics, housing needs, clothing, groceries, consumables, and toiletries all in one convenient location. Similar to a mall, Wal-Mart meets all of its customers’ needs in one location. This is a very valuable ability because it allows the customer to have more control over his or her time. (Research and Markets, 2010) The company operates under three main operation segments. Its most common segment will be its Wal-Mart. The second common segment found in the United States is Sam’s Club. Sam’s club is similar to Wal-Mart except that it is larger in size and puts more emphasis on wholesale retail. They are more popular with businesses and large families. The company’s last segment consists of International stores. Though Wal-Mart has few locations outside the United States its name is widely known. (Research and Markets, 2010) Within the United States, Wal-Mart has a variety of mass merchandising locations. Wal-Mart’s products and services within each location are based on demographics and surrounding stores. Superstores, discount stores, and neighborhood markets are the three types of stores Wal-Mart might open, given a certain demographic. If a community is large and consists of multiple school districts and many families, Wal-Mart will consider opening a Superstore or neighborhood market. Within a neighborhood market, Wal-Mart offers lower pricing to compete with higher priced stores such as Targets, Kohls, ShopRites, ACMEs, and Super fresh. Even shopping malls competing with Wal-Mart. Discount stores are located in smaller communities, mostly consisting of elderly individuals or small families. (Research and Markets, 2010) Wal-Mart’s is a very powerful company due to its low pricing and high volume. It drives mom and pop shops and local small retail stores out of business due to the inability to compete with such a large chain. Although this is disappointing, Wal-Mart is one of the largest employers, providing jobs for over a million employees. So it does its share to contribute to employment. (Market Research, 2010) Everyday Wal-Mart is increasing its market share. Years back Wal-Mart was just another retailer, but due to massive expansion and lower prices, Wal-Mart now competes in almost every type of retail business. Wal-Mart is now opening grocery stores, gas stations, and supercenters that sell everything imaginable in order to maximize its market share. Everyday Wal-Mart is devising new ideas to keep a huge control over the market share. Ideas of incorporating a grocery store within a clothing store were farfetched 10 years ago, but now it is typical to buy dairy products and sporting goods all in one store. Now farfetched and even crazier ideas such as selling used cars, financial services, and home improvement needs can be realized within Wal-Mart’s ability to expand its products and services. (Market Research, 2010) Wal-Mart has the ability to continue growing to higher and even deeper depths. The goal for Wal-Mart is to not let its goals of expanding interfere with its normal and everyday operations. Low prices and convenience are a must for Wal-Mart to continue operating. Today Wal-Mart is a common name in retail just as Ford is common to automobiles. ? References Market Research, Initials. (2010). The Age of wal-mart. Retrieved fromhttp://www. marketresearch. com/map/prod/805195. html Research and Markets, Initials. (2010). Analysis of wal-mart stores. Retrieved from http://www. researchandmarkets. com/reportinfo. asp? report_id=552122 How to cite Wal-Mart Market Analysis, Papers

Supply Chain Principles

Introduction The supply chain of every organization has an impact on the overall success of the organization. The efficiency of the supply chain is dependent on the structure of the supply chain and the nature of the products that are involved. The technology adopted also has an impact on the overall optimization of the business organization’s revenue.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report reviews the article Leagility: integrating †¦ written in 1999 by Naylor, Naim and Berry. The article discusses the application of leanness and agility in the supply chain while making reference to the similarities and the differences. It also highlights the different types of structures of supply chain. This paper will also use DHL Company as a case study on how the RFID technology can improve a company’s supply chain performance and mitigate the bull-whip effect. This will be based on the article by Attaran (2007) RFID: an enabler of supply chain operations. DHL Company has adopted the RFID technology to provide information to its customers. This paper also discusses how the potential implementation of RFID technologies can complement other existing relevant technologies and concepts. Critique of the article by Naylor Naylor, Naim and Berry (1999, p 108) defines supply chain as the network that involves producing, supplying and distribution of the products to the consumers with a feedback of information. A successful supply chain is characterized by an excellent exchange of materials and revenue for the material. They also define the term agility as the use of available information concerning the marketplace to maximize on profits while paying attention to market trends. They also describe the word lean as an expansion to the value stream to save on time, resources and a means to arrive at targets. Understanding the attrib utes of the marketplace have an impact on the supply chain as pointed out by Naylor et al (1999, p. 109). The attributes may be seen in terms of equal importance, similar importance or different importance. Using the term lean and agile they describe the attributes.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The attribute of equal importance applies to both lean together with agile. They are relevant in the manufacturing of the products because they influence the decision made by the supply chain. They can be implemented to maximize on the revenue. The coordination of the supply chain to availing the product to the consumer should be emphasized as revealed by Naylor et al (1999, p. 109). The consumers demand should be adopted through integrated efforts to realize the market demands. Integration encourages the members of a supply chain to share information and overcome barriers that ma y be a hindrance to distribution of material resources and enable making more revenue. Waddington (2008, p. 18) emphasizes that adopting leanness and agility will enable the supply chain to perform the functions assigned efficiently and effectively. This is because both require the constant review of information about customer demand and the market. They allow for adoption of decisions made from the changing environment. Again the terms lean together with agile are used by Naylor et al (1999, p. 110). Lean is applied in the procedure of manufacturing. In the procedures the producers ensures that they utilize the least requirements needed to get a product. They eliminate the procedures that hardly add value. While doing so they ensure that the end product is not rejected by the consumer. The manufacturer may also apply the agile principle. The challenge is to be able to keep up with the changes in the market in terms of stock so that the customers acquire the product. Some processes add no value and cannot be abandoned because they are necessary. The relatively accurate supply of products required may be arrived at using the available information making it possible to cut down on the unwanted, nonprofit making processes. The cost of the product is therefore trimmed down (Naylor et al 1999, p. 110). Naylor et al (1999, p. 109) argues that the information about the consumer must be given attention. The consumer is at the end of the supply chain. Before determining the supply chain, the kind of market that the products end up must be considered. This implies that the supply chain may consider the demand before supplying the products to consumers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Waddington (2008, 18) indicates that the other factors other than the customer demand may also influence the supply chain. These include the availability of the raw materials and the beliefs of the customers. The information therefore assists in making the accurate product that the customer needs The benefits of integration and coordination include among others reduction in waste. Resources and materials wasted as a result of consequences of oversupply are minimized. Consequently time is also saved and the overall performance becomes efficient. For this reason the supply chain for a particular market should be designed for the specific market. Thus different supply chains may be adopted for different markets (Naylor et al 1999, p. 110).  The companies that adopt the principle of lean and agile in its operations have the advantage of predicting the possible changes that may be inevitable in the market. Some of the changes are caused by technology which is costly and may require retraining manpower before implementing. Companies with effective implementation of leanness and agility will have a smooth transaction in the application of new te chnology (Waddington 2008, p. 18).  Naylor et al (1999, p. 111) notes that to be effective the supply chain would depend on the coordination and integration created to be able to make necessary changes in a short time. For instance, there can emerge a demand for a wide range of products. The changes will have effect from the production to the presentation of the end product to the consumer. Agility lays emphasis on the service that lead to differentiation. Therefore, the supply chain must have the flexibility to advocate for changes.  Agility in production may be overwhelmed by the instability in demand that may be caused by the market. Although the instability is unpleasant, Naylor et al (1999, p. 111) indicate that the supply chain can be managed to maximize on the revenue by using the available opportunities. Information from the market must be constantly consulted since the demand may be varying from time to time. Naylor et al (1999, p. 112) also note that lean manufacturing differ with agility. Leanness relies on the information obtained to plan assuming the market is stable. If the production of a product is implemented using the lean manufacturing principle, it is likely that some stocks will remain unsold. This is due to the fact that the demand of the market will have shifted.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different techniques can be applied in the adoption of lean manufacturing as well as agile manufacturing. Depending on the nature of market and the nature of demand adjustments that involve integrating the relevant in the implementation of lean and agile to get maximum benefit. The process will however require constant review of information and the supply chain (Waddington 2008, p. 19). The structure of a supply chain is dependent on the market. There are various structures of supply chain that can be adopted. The first is â€Å"buy- to- order† (Naylor et al 1999, p. 113). This is best suited for highly variable products. The consumers can be assured of a variety of products that emanate from different raw materials. The supply chain can manipulate the availability of the product by holding back a particular line of product to create a shortage. This can be beneficial because the production is minimal and the losses that may be realized if a product fails to sell are minimal. This is because there is over supply. This structure may have limited advantage of changing products due to changes in the market.  The second structure is â€Å"make- to- order† as indicated by Naylor et al (1999, p. 113). The same raw material is used to make a product. Therefore it is possible to adopt to change in the market in different geographical areas. This structure makes it possible to produce according to the demands of consumers with little time wasted in the production. In this structure the challenge is to meet the demand of diverse products and the consumption rates of the product. The absence of the raw material may paralyze the supply chain.  The third structure is â€Å"assemble to order† chain in accordance with Naylor et al (1999, p. 113). Customization of products is rescheduled to a later date. This allows for adjustments in later stage. The chain is important in maintaining a supply. This structure is also suitable in supplying different ge ographical areas. The product is usually standard to meet the demand of the market.  Another structure is the electronic chain of supply. It is very effective and efficient in a chain that characterized by complexity. The supply chain may involve a wide range of products to multiple locations and have diverse members (Naylor et al 1999, p. 116).  Undertakings that may not be of value to the supply chain should be eliminated. Naylor et al (1999, p. 110) indicates that a lot of time and resources as well as other resources may be wasted in the supply chain despite them not adding value. For this reason they suggest that time compression be adopted in the manufacturing stage. Thus time can be saved in the manufacturing and time can be saved when the information on the market is acquired. RFID technology The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that has been used in the supply chain to identify products as pointed out by Attaran (2007, p. 249). The product is given an identification tag that is used to count, to identify the price and can be kept by the consumer for use when they want to claim a warrant service. In line with DHL-usa.com (2011) the DHL Company uses RFID technology in their business. In their parcel delivery, they attach a tracking device on the parcel or shipment. The customer is given a number that they can use to track the progress of the parcel over the internet. This has encouraged customers to use the services offered by the DHL Company. According to Attaran (2007, p. 249) using the technology will enable the supply chain to save on time. The tags can be used to count the items when they are in packet. Therefore, the manual labor, time and cost that would have been incurred are drastically reduced. It also improve inventory visibility and management that benefits all the players in the supply chain network like retailers, distributers, suppliers and others. This benefits could be as depicted in the table below Potential R FID benefits from a supply chain entity perspective (adapted from e-force presentation: â€Å"RFID Solution Lifecycle Management†, https://e-force.com/) Also, RFID avails numerous amount of information about the product. It is possible to share a lot of information about the product with the customer. The information can be used to make decisions on the best product that a particular customer requires (Attaran 2007, p. 251). This is similar to what happens in the DHL Company. The tracker attached to the shipment or parcel gives information on the location and details about the status. Moreover the information is usually in real time, giving it an advantage. More over a lot of details are also offered. The customer can track their shipment or parcel using the receipt number of their pay bill, they can also use the tracking number, and they can use the place of shipment or the destination of the shipment to track. Consequently there is no need to go through the customer service to obtain the whereabouts of the shipment (DHL-usa.com2011).  The RFID technology causes the executive management in the supply chain to increase their involvement. For this reason they can be able to get first hand information within a short span of time. Consequently, they can make informed decisions that are applicable. The performance becomes more efficient with the top management getting involved more often (Attaran 2007, p. 251).  Excellent technology providers are likely to initiate partnership when the RFID technology is adopted. In the long run, the services will become consistent and therefore reliable. Customers as a result may want to get such products that have a warrant attached a RFID tag. The use of RFID technology unlike the use of a bar code and a scanner is easier to use. Moreover, the risk of damages and loss of the bar code is eliminated. Consequently, the labor that may be involved in scanning the entire total number of products is abandoned. This is becau se RFID technology reduces the time spend on counting by identifying and doing the sum of the number of products their prices and obtains more information about the products. Attaran (2007, p. 251) mentions that the integration of RFID technology in the existing information technology structure leads to improved performance. The process of uploading data in the information technology system is integrated with that of the information technology making the process mush simpler. The obtained information can be manipulated so as to be able to track down the supply chain processes. When the supply chain is efficient customers are likely to buy the products that are constantly available in market.  The DHL Company in providing their tracking services integrates with other applications to make the services available. The tracking is available online through their website. It is also available in the mobile phones application. They offer assistance to the customers by offering HTML codes to make the access possible. This encourages more customers to use the services and enable them sustain customers demands (DHL-usa.com 2011).  Besides making the process of uploading information into the system easy and fast, the RFID technology integrates data received into the organizational data bank. The data bank can be used to make predictions on the trends of the supply chain and be used to make future plans. The RFID technology improves the supply chain by making it possible to plan for the future.  In keeping with Attaran (2007, p. 252) the data received from the RFID technology may reveal undesirable elements of the supply chain. They may reveal which products have reduced consumption and information that would lead to quick modification in the supply chain. The RFID technology influences the structure of supply chain that is most efficient for a particular market.  The RFID technology can allow sharing of information. The technology stores a lot of information that is associated with each stage in the supply chain. The information enables the planers to detect any abnormalities in the supply chain. This is because the information aids in the coordination within the organization in every stage of the supply chain. The DHL Company has expanded in their business. Customers prefer using the shipment because of the contact they keep with the progress of their shipment or parcels. The customers get frequent notifications about the progress even up to eighteen times. The company makes it possible to get a lot of information for the lowest rates. The details about the total number of shipment are easily obtained. In cases of emergency, it is possible to respond quickly because the trackers provide details in real time. Besides making it possible to track the shipment or parcel, DHL Company offers security to the information that is obtained through the tracking system. The company allows the customers the permission to get information. They offer cons ent to customers only so that they have access to the tracking information. They give a code to the clients (DHL-usa.com 2011).   Potential implementation of RFID technologies The RFID technology and the internet have partnered as revealed in the DHL-usa.com (2011, p. 1). The RFID technology tracks the customer’s parcels and shipments and can be revealed in the internet. In their website the DHL Company has a slot where the customer can type the secret code they are given by the company to get information on their parcel or shipment. The information is sent to the website and the customer’s needs for information are met.  RFID technology can be used to complement existing technology and concepts. RFID technology provides huge amounts of data that are challenging to manage after a period of time. The existing information technology system integrates with the Enterprise Resource Planning software has been used to make the data manageable. The software aids in making the data useful by proving a means to analyze the data (Attaran 2007, p. 254).  Incorporating the management of the supply chain with the RFID technology is relevant. Attaran (2007, p. 254) mentions that this is because the existing management cannot be faced off. Indeed the RFID technology requires support because it has its own shortcomings that cannot allow complete replacement. Human resources are needed to perform other task. Besides the management of supply chain the management of customers is also significant in the incorporation. Their input remains significant as they are keen to observe and get feedback from the customers face to face. HTML application and RFID technology have partnered to make it possible for customers to track as provided by the DHL Company. The clients can install a direct link to the DHL company website on the tracking page in their applications. The clients have access to the page without any hindrances. The availability of information on- line make s it possible for the customers to get access to the information irrespective of their location. The company receives fewer calls from customers. Consequently, the company as a result has a low number of customer services.  Internet and RFID technology reinforce each other. Customers can use the number provided by the DHL Company to get information via email. More over clients can reply to the company for any queries by sending and receiving emails (DHL-usa.com 2011). The RFID technology complements the barcode system. The bar code system is still relevant in the market because it stores a substantial amount of data that is useful. On the other hand the RFID technology requires large data storage to store cumulative information generated from tracking. Because of the nature of the large amounts the barcode is still, being used. This is because the company will incur large amounts of cost purchasing storage for the cumulative data that is generated. The businesses adopt the barcode for individual products while the entire packet of good is given the RFID technology tag (Attaran 2007, p. 250).  RFID technology has also complemented the Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) in terms of planning. The Decision Makers (2011, p. 1) argues that from the massive amount of data obtained CPRF which is largely involved in planning of business supply chain is significantly impacted by the RFID technology. The information retrieved from the RFID technology gives details on the demand from the customers, the environment of the market and can help in the prediction of future business. What is more, it is possible to detect any change in the market. Accordingly, the information obtained influences decision making in the supply chain. Among the decision made communication is important and this information can be availed and distributed within a few seconds to the manufacturers, distributors, retailers and customers. RFID technology has the potential of complementing e– commerce. With the ability to obtain the massive data through tracking the information can be obtained to inform decisions made in the e-commerce. Products that are being manufactured can be made such that they meet the needs of the customers and inform the distributers to be able to optimize on the goals of business organizations. The significance of collaborating the other technologies and concepts is to be able to share and utilize the available information to maximize on the profits. Collaboration allows the RFID technology to be able to overcome the demerits that are associated with the massive amounts of data that accumulate from the tracking. Furthermore the integration allows quick response to emerging problems that are evident in the market. The operation within the supply chain benefits from the coordination and becomes more efficient and effective. Customer satisfaction increases with the efficiency and more sales are realized. Conclusion The use of agile and lean principles can be applied in a company to maximize on the benefits. Therefore information and the understanding of the market are important and are heavily relied on. The two principles are affected by the instability in the market due to changes in demand and unpredictable market environment. For this reason the supply chain must be quick to adapt to changes in the market (Naylor et al 1999, p 108). There are also different structures of supply chain that include â€Å"buy- to- order,† â€Å"make- to- order,† â€Å"assemble to order† and the electronic chain of supply. The electronic chain of supply is very effective and superior to the others because it can handle complex and massive information. The DHL Company in its supply chain has adopted the use of RFID and has realized increased sales. This is due to the fact that the customers have access to the shipments or parcels they send. The number of clients using the technology has increased b ecause of the availability of tracking services. The RFID technology collect a lot of information, is efficient and provides real time tracking. RFID technology has the potential of complementing other technologies and concepts to become effective. The internet and the use of HTML are examples of collaborations. The supply chain customer management and the supply management have also collaborated. E-commerce, CPFR and the barcode system have also potential of integrating with the RFID technology for realization of goals. The major benefits of collaboration are the sharing of the information and the ability to manage challenges that arise in the course of business. References List Attaran, M., 2007. RFID: an enabler of supply chain operations Supply chain  Management. An international Journal, 12, (4), pp. 249-257. DHL-usa.com., 2011. Tracking solutions. Web. Naylor, J. B., Naim, M., and Berry, D., 1999. Leagility: integrating the  Lean and agile manufacturing paradigms in the to tal supply chain. International journal of production economics, 62, pp. 107-118. The Decision Makers., 2011. Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment. Web. Waddington, T., 2008. Lean agile and Agile Supply Chain Design. Web. This report on Supply Chain Principles was written and submitted by user Alissa P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.